Switching jobs is a common experience in today’s dynamic job market, but with each transition, you face the challenge of managing your retirement savings. Without careful planning, you risk losing significant portions of your hard-earned nest egg due to taxes, penalties, or poor investment decisions. Here’s how to keep your retirement savings intact and avoid common pitfalls when changing jobs.
Understand Vesting Schedules
One of the first things to consider before leaving a job is the vesting schedule of your 401(k). While your contributions are always yours, employer contributions such as matches or profit-sharing may be subject to a vesting period. This means you must work for the company for a certain number of years before you may keep those contributions. If you leave before you’re fully vested, you may forfeit part of the employer’s contribution, leaving money on the table. Before making a move, check how close you are to being fully vested and consider whether staying a bit longer might be worth it.
Keep Saving, Even During Waiting Periods
When you start a new job, there might be a waiting period before you may participate in the company’s 401(k) plan. This period may range from a few months to a year. It’s crucial not to let this waiting period disrupt your savings habit. You may continue building your retirement savings through an IRA or other tax-advantaged accounts. The key is to maintain the discipline of saving regularly, even if your new employer’s plan isn’t immediately available.
Don’t Reduce Savings if the Employer Match is Less
Employer matches may be a powerful incentive to save, but they shouldn’t dictate how much you save for retirement. If your new employer offers a lower match or no match at all, don’t reduce your savings rate. Ideally, it would be best if you aimed to save 10% to 15% of your income, regardless of the match. While aligning your contributions with the employer’s match is tempting, remember that your retirement depends on your total savings, not just what your employer contributes.
Keep Saving Even Without a 401(k)
Not all employers offer a 401(k) or similar retirement plan. If you find yourself in a job without retirement benefits, it’s crucial to continue saving on your own. An IRA is a great alternative that offers tax-deferred growth similar to a 401(k). Don’t let the absence of an employer-sponsored plan become an excuse to stop saving for retirement. Consistent contributions to an IRA may help bridge the gap and keep your retirement on track.
Avoid Cashing Out Your Old 401(k)
One of the biggest mistakes job hoppers make is cashing out their 401(k) when they leave a job. While it might be tempting to access those funds, doing so may lead to significant tax penalties and reduce your retirement savings. If you’re under the age of 55, you’ll likely face a 10% early withdrawal penalty on top of income taxes. Instead, consider rolling over your old 401(k) into your new employer’s plan or an IRA to maintain its tax-deferred status and keep your savings growing.
Compare Your Options Before Rolling Over
When rolling over your 401(k), comparing the investment options and fees associated with your old and new plans is important. Some 401(k) plans offer lower-cost investment options than others, so it’s worth doing a bit of research before making a decision. If your new plan has higher fees or fewer investment choices, you might be better off rolling your old 401(k) into an IRA, which typically offers a wider range of investment options and lower costs.
Avoid Rollover Mistakes
If you decide to roll over your 401(k), be sure to do a direct rollover, where your funds are transferred directly from your old plan to your new plan or IRA. This method avoids unnecessary taxes and penalties. If you receive a check for your 401(k) balance, 20% will be withheld for taxes, and you’ll need to deposit the full amount into your new account within 60 days to avoid further taxes and penalties. Additionally, consider leaving any company stock in your old employer’s plan, as it may receive favorable tax treatment.
By being aware of these potential mistakes and taking steps to avoid them, you may keep your retirement savings on track, even as you navigate career changes. Careful planning and informed decisions are key to ensuring that your nest egg continues to grow, no matter where your career takes you.
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